Large carnivores are showing a remarkable recovery across large parts of Europe and North America, often in landscapes with high human activity. What role can large carnivores play in these anthropogenic landscapes? We reviewed how human actions influence the ecological roles of carnivores and showed that several of these human actions may mitigate the top-down effects of large carnivores.

Kuijper D.P.J., Sahlén E., Elmhagen B., Chamaillé-Jammes S., Sand H., Lone K., Cromsigt J.P.G.M. 2016. Paws without claws? Ecological effects of large carnivores in anthropogenic landscapes

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: 283: 20161625.

http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/283/1841/20161625